SEC Form 424B5 filed by Gain Therapeutics Inc.

7/17/25 7:37:20 AM ET

$GANX

Biotechnology: Pharmaceutical Preparations

Health Care

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424B5 1 tm2518735-4_424b5.htm 424B5 tm2518735-4_424b5 - none - 5.7812482s

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Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)

Registration No. 333-265061

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus Dated June 1, 2022)

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4,501,640 Shares of Common Stock
Common Warrants to purchase up to 2,250,820 Shares of Common Stock
2,250,820 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Common Warrants

We are offering 4,501,640 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and accompanying warrants (“Common Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,250,820 shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus. The Common Warrants are being offered and sold at the rate of one Common Warrant to purchase one share of common stock for every two shares of common stock. The public offering price for each set of two shares of common stock and accompanying Common Warrant to purchase one share of common stock is $3.11, yielding an effective price of $1.55 per share and $0.01 per Common Warrant. Each Common Warrant will have an exercise price of $1.65 per share of common stock and will be immediately exercisable on the date of issuance. The Common Warrants will expire five years after the date of issuance. See “Description of Securities We Are Offering” in this prospectus supplement for additional information. The Common Warrants will be issued in book-entry form pursuant to a warrant agency agreement between us and Pacific Stock Transfer Company as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agent”).

The shares of common stock and the accompanying Common Warrants can only be purchased together in this offering but will be issued separately and will be immediately separable upon issuance. This offering also relates to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Common Warrants.

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “GANX.” The last reported sale price of our common stock on July 14, 2025 was $1.86 per share. There is no established public trading market for the Common Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of the Common Warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Common Warrants will be limited.

Investing in these securities involves a high degree of risk. Before buying shares of our common stock, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement and in the risks discussed under similar headings in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	EFFECTIVE PER SHARE AND ACCOMPANYING WARRANT(1)			TOTAL
Public offering price		$	1.555		$	7,000,050
Underwriting discounts and commissions(2)		$	0.10885		$	490,004
Proceeds to us, before expenses(3)		$	1.44615		$	6,510,047

(1)

Based on a price of $3.11 per set of two shares of common stock and one Common Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and including $0.01 per Common Warrant for each whole accompanying Common Warrant, which is allocated between the two shares of Common Stock.

(2)

Does not include the reimbursement of certain expenses of the underwriter we have agreed to pay. We have also agreed to issue the underwriter or its designees at the closing of this offering warrants to purchase the number of shares of common stock equal to 7% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock, including any shares of our common stock sold pursuant to the underwriter’s option to purchase additional securities (the “Underwriter Warrants”). See the section entitled “Underwriting” beginning on page S-17 for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriter.

(3)

The amount of the offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give effect to any exercise of the Common Warrants being issued in this offering.

We have granted the underwriter an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to an additional 675,246 shares of our common stock and/or additional Common Warrants to purchase 337,623 shares of common stock from us, in each case, at the price to the public set forth above and in footnote (1) less the underwriting discount.

The underwriter expects to deliver the shares of common stock and accompanying Common Warrants against payment on or about July 17, 2025.

Sole Book-Running Manager

Newbridge Securities Corporation

The date of this prospectus supplement is July 16, 2025.

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	PAGE
Prospectus Supplement
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT		S-1
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		S-2
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY		S-4
RISK FACTORS		S-9
USE OF PROCEEDS		S-12
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING		S-14
DILUTION		S-16
UNDERWRITING		S-17
LEGAL MATTERS		S-21
EXPERTS		S-21
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		S-22
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE		S-23
Prospectus
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		i
SUMMARY		1
RISK FACTORS		7
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		8
USE OF PROCEEDS		10
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK		11
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES		15
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS		22
LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES		24
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		27
LEGAL MATTERS		29
EXPERTS		29
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		30
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE		31

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a shelf registration process. This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering of common stock and Common Warrants and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, provides more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. Generally, when we refer to this prospectus supplement, we are referring to both parts of this document combined. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the information contained in the accompanying prospectus or any document incorporated by reference that was filed with SEC before the date of this prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement; provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date — for example, a document incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus — the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

Neither we nor the underwriter have authorized anyone to provide information different from that contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. When you make a decision about whether to invest in our securities, you should not rely upon any information other than the information in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. Neither the delivery of this prospectus supplement nor the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, nor the sale of our common stock and Common Warrants means that information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, is correct after their respective dates. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the sections entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference” in this prospectus supplement.

We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock and Common Warrants only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the offering of the common stock and Common Warrants in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the common stock and Common Warrants and the distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus outside the United States. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offer or solicitation.

Unless otherwise indicated in this prospectus supplement or the context otherwise requires, all references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “Gain” refer to Gain Therapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein contain forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements represent our management’s judgment regarding future events. In many cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other words of similar import, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein regarding our financial position, business strategy and plans or objectives for future operations are forward-looking statements. Without limiting the broader description of forward-looking statements above, we specifically note that statements regarding potential drug candidates, their potential therapeutic effect, the possibility of obtaining regulatory approval, our expected timing for completing clinical trials and clinical trial milestones for our drug candidates, our ability or the ability of our collaborators to manufacture and sell any products, market acceptance or our ability to earn a profit from sales or licenses of any drug candidate or to discover new drugs in the future are all forward-looking in nature.

There are a number of important factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. These factors include, but are not limited to:

•

our ability to continue as a going concern and our needs for additional financing;

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our ability to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC;

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our ability to accurately estimate anticipated operating losses, expenses, future revenues, and capital requirements, including our anticipated cash runway;

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the initiation, timing, progress and results of our current and future preclinical studies and clinical trials and our research and development programs;

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the success of our efforts to expand our pipeline of product candidates and develop marketable products through the use of our Magellan™ platform;

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our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize our current and future product candidates;

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our expectations regarding collaborations and other agreements with third parties and their potential benefits;

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the timing of investigational new drug, or IND, submissions, initiation of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and timing of expected clinical results for our product candidates;

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our success in early preclinical studies, which may not be indicative of results obtained in later studies or clinical trials;

•

the potential benefits of our product candidates;

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our ability to identify patients with the diseases treated by our product candidates, and to enroll healthy volunteers and patients in clinical trials;

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our ability to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property;

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our reliance upon intellectual property licensed from third parties, including the license to use certain components of the Magellan™ platform;

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our ability to identify, recruit and retain key personnel;

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developments or projections relating to our competitors or our industry;

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the impact of laws and regulations;

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our expectations regarding government and third-party payor coverage and reimbursement;

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our expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (“JOBS”) Act;

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the impact of liquidity concerns at and failures of banks and other financial institutions, capital market instability, exchange rate fluctuations, supply chain disruptions and increases in commodity, energy and fuel prices;

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the impacts of pandemics or endemics on our operations, access to capital, research and development and clinical trials and potential disruption in the operations and business of third-party manufacturers, contract research organizations, other service providers, and collaborators with whom we conduct business;

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the impact of other global events, including political instability, natural disaster, events of terrorism and wars, including the war between Ukraine and Russia, and the corresponding tensions created from such conflict between Russia, the United States and countries in Europe as well as other countries such as China, and the conflict in the Middle East;

•

the impacts of increased trade tariffs, import quotas or other trade restrictions or measures taken by the United States and other countries, including changes in U.S. trade policies that may be made by the presidential administration; and

•

other risks and uncertainties, including those listed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein.

The foregoing does not represent an exhaustive list of matters that may be covered by the forward-looking statements contained herein and in the documents incorporated by reference herein or risk factors that we are faced with that may cause our actual results to differ from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements. Factors that may affect our results include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed in the “Risk Factors” section on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K or in other reports we file with the SEC.

Moreover, new risks regularly emerge, and it is not possible for our management to predict or articulate all risks we face, nor can we assess the impact of all risks on our business or the extent to which any risk, or combination of risks, may cause actual results to differ from those contained in any forward-looking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), do not protect any forward-looking statements that we make in connection with this offering. All forward-looking statements included in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus are based on information available to us on the date of this prospectus or the date of the applicable document incorporated by reference. Except to the extent required by applicable laws or rules, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained above and throughout this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

You should rely only on the information in this prospectus. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely upon it.

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding to invest in our securities. You should read this entire prospectus supplement carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company developing novel small molecule therapeutics to treat diseases across several therapeutic areas, including, central nervous system (“CNS”) disorders, lysosomal storage disorders (“LSDs”), metabolic disorders, and other diseases that can be targeted through protein degradation, such as oncology.

GT-02287 — our lead product candidate, for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1b study in people with Parkinson’s disease with or without a GBA1 mutation.

We have generated an extensive preclinical data package providing evidence of the mechanism of action and safety of GT-02287. In preclinical models of GBA1 and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, GT-02287 has been shown to restore glucocerebrosidase, or GCase, function in the lysosome, improve mitochondrial health, reduce toxic lipid substrates and toxic forms of alpha-synuclein, reduce neuroinflammation, improve survival of dopaminergic neurons, increase dopamine levels, completely restore locomotor function and improve cognition, and reduce plasma-based neurodegeneration maker, neurofilament light chain (NfL) back to the level of healthy animals.

In September 2024, we reported results from a first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trial completed in Australia to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and food effect of GT-02287 in healthy participants. The study enrolled 72 healthy volunteers and included a single ascending dose part during which the study participants (n=40) received one dose of GT-02287 at different dose levels, and a multiple ascending dose part during which the study participants (n=32) received one daily dose of GT-02287 for 14 days at different dose levels. Review of the unblinded data after database lock confirmed that single and multiple doses of GT-02287 were safe and generally well tolerated up to and including the highest planned dose levels across all age groups (approximately 15% of which were over the age of 50 years).

The single and multiple dose levels tested were safe and generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse events or Grade 3 (severe) adverse events observed, and no other safety signals detected. The PK profile of GT-02287 was linear across the tested dose ranges, and plasma exposures at daily doses of 7.7 mg/kg and above were within the projected therapeutic range. GT-02287 was measurable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at levels in line with rodent levels at effective doses from our preclinical models, demonstrating CNS exposure. Notably, GCase activity in dried blood spots increased approximately 53% in subjects who received 13.5 mg/kg GT-02287 (the highest dose cohort and the only dose cohort analyzed for GCase activity) but not in those who received placebo, demonstrating target engagement and modulation of GCase enzyme. GCase activity continued to increase 12 hours post-dose at 14 days, the furthest time point analyzed in the study. We believe these results support the continued development of GT-02287 and its potential as a biology-modifying treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Importantly, the favorable safety and tolerability profile at oral dose levels that resulted in therapeutic plasma levels, CNS exposure, and target engagement further strengthens GT-02287’s potential to be a lead treatment for Parkinson’s disease in patients with or without a GBA1 mutation.

In December 2024, we received approval in Australia to initiate a Phase 1b trial for GT-02287 in people with Parkinson’s disease with or without the GBA1 mutation. We are working with local Parkinson’s disease (PD) advocacy groups in Australia to support enrollment and expect enrollment to complete in the summer of 2025 with interim data from the study expected by mid-2025. The Phase 1b open-label trial will assess the safety and tolerability of 13.5 mg/kg/day of GT-02287 for three months in patients with GBA1-PD or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Secondary endpoints include pharmacokinetics, GCase modulation, levels of GCase substrates, and other biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The primary goal of the

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Phase 1b trial is to assess the safety and tolerability of GT-02287. Upon successful completion we expect to begin planning a Phase 2 study during the second half of 2025.

In preparation for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease patients, we initiated a chronic (6 months in rodents and 9 months in non-rodents) preclinical toxicity study in July 2024, enabling the conduct of clinical studies in patients with a GT-02287 treatment duration beyond three months. The 6- and 9-month studies will be completed in the second quarter of 2025 and the third quarter of 2025, respectively.

On June 30, 2025, we announced an update on the progress of the ongoing Phase 1b clinical study evaluating the safety and tolerability of GT-02287 in people with Parkinson’s Disease with or without a GBA1 mutation. The study, which aimed to enroll 15-20 participants, reached 16 participants on June 30, 2025, despite a two-month delay in protocol implementation. In addition, the independent data monitoring committee met recently and recommended to continue the study with no changes in dose level, concluding no serious treatment emergent adverse events have occurred. The faster-than-anticipated enrollment means all those participants will reach their 90-day visit in time to facilitate biomarker analysis of all CSF samples taken by fourth quarter of 2025 instead of the first quarter of 2026. Based on the greater relevance of CSF biomarkers as proof of drug activity, and considering the new timeline, we expect to provide full results on 90-day biomarker evidence from all CSF and blood samples together during the fourth quarter of 2025, which is also earlier than originally planned.

Additionally, to facilitate the continued interest on the part of clinicians and patients currently aware of the Phase 1b study in Australia, we extended the screening window for participants through July 31, 2025. We are also planning to approach the local health authorities in Australia to extend the dosing period of the Phase 1b beyond the 90-day period currently allowed in the protocol. Long-term chronic toxicology studies required to support this extension of dosing are near completion, and we expect to provide an update on the progress of the extension before the end of the third quarter of 2025. We believe that the extension of the Phase 1b will also better inform Phase 2 protocol design and planning for early 2026.

Our Magellan™ Platform

We use our computational target and drug discovery platform, Magellan™, to discover novel allosteric binding sites on proteins implicated in a disease and to identify proprietary small molecules that bind these sites to modulate protein function and treat the underlying cause of the disease. We believe that Magellan™ is uniquely suited to identify allosteric binding sites on the protein surface, which are different from the active (or orthosteric) binding site where the natural ligand of the protein binds. Targeting an allosteric binding site instead of the active binding site of a protein provides numerous advantages, including: the ability to regulate proteins implicated in disease through several different mechanisms of action covering both functional and conformational effects, including stabilization, destabilization, targeted degradation, allosteric inhibition, and allosteric activation of the targeted protein; improved specificity of small molecules because binding to an allosteric binding site is non-competitive with the natural substrate that binds to the active binding site; and the ability to identify small molecules with more favorable drug-like properties. Discovering and targeting novel allosteric sites with our platform not only reduces traditional drug discovery timelines but enables rational drug design and offers the potential for superior small molecule drugs that are highly specific and that can penetrate hard to reach tissues and cross the blood-brain barrier.

Our Pipeline of STARs

We are leveraging our Magellan™ technology platform to develop a pipeline of novel small molecule drug candidates to address complex diseases. The platform is disease agnostic and provides us with the ability to expand our pipeline, quickly, efficiently and at low cost. We are currently focusing on progressing our clinical-stage lead program in Parkinson’s disease. In addition, we plan to continue to advance our existing research programs and initiate additional programs targeting allosteric binding sites identified with the Magellan™ platform in various therapeutic areas through discovery collaborations with industry partners and academic institutions.

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Our Product Pipeline

Corporate Information

We were incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on June 26, 2020 under the name Gain Therapeutics, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20814. Our telephone number is (301) 500-1556. Our website address is http://www.gaintherapeutics.com. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus.

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THE OFFERING

Issuer

Gain Therapeutics, Inc.

Common stock offered by us pursuant to this prospectus supplement

4,501,640 shares of common stock.

Common Warrants offered by us pursuant to this prospectus supplement

Common Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,250,820, at the rate of one Common Warrant for every two shares of common stock purchased in this offering. The Common Warrants may only be exercisable for a whole number of shares of our common stock and, because the Underwriter will allocate purchases by investors in round lots comprised of an even number of shares, no fractional shares will be issued in this offering. Each Common Warrant has an exercise price of $1.65 per share. The Common Warrants will be exercisable beginning on the date of issuance and expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance. For more information, see the section titled “Description of Securities We Are Offering — Common Warrants.” This prospectus supplement also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such Common Warrants.

Common stock to be outstanding after this offering

34,571,820 shares of common stock (or 35,247,066 shares of common stock if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional securities), assuming no exercise of any of the Common Warrants.

Option to purchase additional securities

We have granted to the underwriter the option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to additional 675,246 shares of our common stock and/or Common Warrants to purchase 337,623 additional shares of common stock, in each case at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, to cover overallotments, if any.

Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $6.3 million and assuming no exercise of the Common Warrants (or approximately $7.2 million if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional securities in full).

Risk factors

Investing in our securities involves risks. See the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus supplement or sections titled “Risk Factors” in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to invest in our securities.

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Lock Ups

Our officers and directors have agreed with the underwriter, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of 90 days from the date of this prospectus, not to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock. See “Underwriting” for more information.

The Nasdaq Global Market symbol

“GANX.” There is no established trading market for the Common Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for a listing for the Common Warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Common Warrants will be limited.

The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on 30,070,180 shares outstanding as of May 31, 2025, which does not include the following, all as of May 31, 2025:

•

5,480,487 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $2.44 per share;

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91,149 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of outstanding restricted stock units;

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4,234,920 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options with a weighted-average exercise price of $3.81 per share;

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1,470,275 shares reserved for future grants, awards, and issuances under our equity compensation plans;

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2,250,820 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the accompanying Common Warrants to be issued in this offering; and

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315,115 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Underwriter Warrants to be issued in this offering.

Except as otherwise noted, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise by the underwriter of its option to purchase additional securities from us, no exercise of outstanding options or warrants to purchase common stock (including the Common Warrants sold in this offering) and no issuance of shares available for future issuance under our equity compensation plans; and reflects all currency in U.S. dollars.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors we describe in this prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you or in any report incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, any Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or any other filing by us with the SEC that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. Although we discuss key risks in those risk factor descriptions, additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business. Our subsequent filings with the SEC may contain amended and updated discussions of significant risks. We cannot predict future risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our financial performance.

Risks Associated with this Offering

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds of this offering and may not use them effectively.

We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to continue clinical and nonclinical development of our lead product candidate GT-02287 for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including GBA1 Parkinson’s disease and for general corporate purposes. However, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. The failure by management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, cause the price of our common stock to decline and delay the development of our product candidates.

Following this offering, we will require additional capital to finance our operations and achieve our goals. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on terms acceptable to us, we may be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research or product development programs, any future commercialization efforts or other operations.

Developing pharmaceutical products, including conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, is a very time-consuming, expensive and uncertain process that takes years to complete. Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception, and we expect our expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we advance our lead product candidates and any future product candidates through clinical development. We will require substantial additional funding following this offering in order, among other things, to further advance our programs, including conducting additional clinical and regulatory development activities. We expect increased expenses as we continue our research and development, initiate additional clinical trials, seek to expand our product pipeline, seek marketing approval for our lead programs and future product candidates, if any, and invest in our organization. In addition, if we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution. Furthermore, we have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company, such as acquiring and retaining experienced personnel, developing new information technology systems, and other costs associated with being a public company. Also, we expect to experience ongoing and additional costs related to preparing and filing patent applications, maintaining our intellectual property and potentially expanding our office facilities. Accordingly, following this offering, we will require substantial additional capital in connection with our continuing operations.

Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on favorable terms, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs, our commercialization plans or other operations. Our ability to raise capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and disruptions to and volatility in the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from inflation, changes in interest rates, recent turmoil in the global banking system, geopolitical instability, including the war in Ukraine, the Middle East and public health epidemics.

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If you purchase the securities sold in this offering, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

The effective price per share and accompanying Common Warrant to be sold in this offering or issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock. If you purchase securities in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution of $1.225 per share, representing the difference between as adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the sale by us of shares in this offering at the public offering price of $1.555 per share and accompanying Common Warrant. See the section entitled “Dilution” below for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase common stock in this offering. Further, we have a significant number of options and restricted stock outstanding. If the holders of these securities exercise them or become vested in them, as applicable, you may incur further dilution.

In addition, in order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may be the same or lower than the price per share in this offering. We may not be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering. You will incur dilution upon exercise of any outstanding stock options, warrants or upon the issuance of shares of common stock under our stock incentive programs. In addition, the sale of shares in this offering and any future sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the price of our common stock. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of those shares of common stock or the availability of those shares of common stock for sale will have on the market price of our common stock.

The market price for our common stock has been and likely will continue to be volatile, and your investment in our securities could decline in value.

Our stock price has been highly volatile since our initial public offering and is likely to continue to be volatile. The stock market in general has, and the markets for pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology stocks in particular have, experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have been often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the issuer. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies that experience volatility in the market price of their securities and in particular, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Whether or not meritorious, litigation brought against us could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Stock market volatility and declines in the price of our common stock also increase the likelihood that we may fail to meet the minimum price requirements for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market. If the Nasdaq Global Market delists our securities from trading on its exchange for failure to meet the listing standards, we and our stockholders could face significant negative consequences, including:

•

Limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

•

A determination that the common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in the common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for shares of common stock;

•

a limited amount of analyst coverage; and

•

a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

Sales of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common stock.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We may issue and sell additional shares of our

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common stock in the public markets including, without limitation, through our “at-the-market” offering program, underwritten public offerings, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, or any combination of the above. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common stock would have on the market price of our common stock.

There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We may never generate revenues or, if we are able to generate revenues, achieve profitability.

We are focused on product development, and we have not generated any significant revenues to date. We have incurred losses in each year of our operations, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. Since our inception we have incurred operating losses which have adversely affected and are likely to continue to adversely affect our working capital, total assets and shareholders’ equity. In addition, the impact of these events and conditions on our liquidity raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We plan to raise additional capital primarily through public and/or private equity financings and/or convertible debt financings. However, financing may not be available to us in the necessary time frame, in amounts that we require, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to raise the necessary funds when needed, it may materially and adversely impact our ability to execute on our operating plans. If we become unable to continue as a going concern, we may have to dispose of assets and might realize significantly less than the values at which they are carried on our consolidated financial statements. These actions may cause our stockholders to lose all or part of their investment in our common stock.

We and our prospects should be examined in light of the risks and difficulties frequently encountered by new and early-stage companies in new and rapidly evolving markets. These risks include, among other things, the speed at which we can scale up operations, our complete dependence upon development of our product candidates that currently have no market acceptance, our ability to establish and expand our brand name, our development of and reliance on strategic and customer relationships and our ability to minimize fraud and other security risks.

The process of developing our product candidates requires significant time, effort and expenses in preclinical, clinical and regulatory development. In addition, commercialization of our product candidates will require that we obtain necessary regulatory approvals and establish sales, marketing and manufacturing capabilities, either through internal hiring or through contractual relationships with others. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years as our research, development, preclinical studies and clinical trial activities increase. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally incur higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. As a result, we expect that our research and development expenses will continue to increase in the foreseeable future as we (i) increase personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, (ii) continue preclinical development of our lead compounds, (iii) initiate clinical trials for certain product candidates, (iv) continue to discover and develop additional product candidates, and (v) pursue later stages of clinical development of product candidates.

The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. We have no products that have generated any commercial revenue, do not expect to generate revenues from the commercial sale of products in the foreseeable future, and might never generate revenues from the sale of products. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of preclinical development and testing and clinical trials of our product candidates; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities; establishing manufacturing, sales and marketing arrangements with third parties; successfully commercializing our products; establishing a favorable competitive position; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. Many of these factors will depend on circumstances beyond our control. We might not succeed at any of these undertakings. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

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Because we do not intend to declare cash dividends on our shares of common stock in the foreseeable future, stockholders must rely on appreciation of the value of our common stock for any return on their investment.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and limitations under applicable law, and will depend on various factors, including our operating results, financial condition, future prospects and any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. You should not rely on an investment in our company if you require dividend income from your investment in our company. The success of your investment will likely depend entirely upon any future appreciation of the market price of our common stock, which is uncertain and unpredictable. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value.

There is no public market for the Common Warrants.

There is no established public trading market for the Common Warrants in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, the Common Warrants are not listed, and we do not intend to apply for listing of the Common Warrants on any securities exchange or trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Common Warrants is limited, and investors may be unable to liquidate their investments in the Common Warrants.

The Common Warrants will not entitle the holder to any rights as common stockholders until the holder exercises the Common Warrant for shares of our common stock.

Until you acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of your Common Warrants, the Common Warrants will not provide you any rights as a common stockholder. Upon exercise of your Common Warrants, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs on or after the exercise date.

The Common Warrants in this offering are speculative in nature.

The Common Warrants in this offering do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of common stock at a fixed price during a fixed period of time. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the Common Warrants may exercise their right to acquire common stock and pay an exercise price of $1.65 per share of common stock. The Common Warrants will be exercisable beginning on the date of issuance and expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance.

Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the Common Warrants, if any, is uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market value of the Common Warrants will equal or exceed their imputed offering price. There can also be no assurance that the market price of the common stock will ever equal or exceed the exercise price of the Common Warrants and, consequently, whether it will ever be profitable for holders of the Common Warrants to exercise the Common Warrants.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $6.3 million, or approximately $7.2 million if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional securities in full, after deducting the underwriting discount and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Common Warrants issued in this offering.

If all of the Common Warrants sold in this offering were to be exercised in cash at the exercise price of $1.65 per share, we would receive additional proceeds of approximately $3.7 million (or $4.3 million if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional securities in full). However, the Common Warrants contain a cashless exercise provision that permit exercise on a cashless basis at any time where there is no effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the issuance of the underlying shares. We cannot predict when or if the Common Warrants will be exercised or whether they will be exercised for cash. It is possible that the Common Warrants may be exercised solely on a cashless basis or not at all.

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The timing and amounts of our actual expenditures will depend on several factors, including the progress of our research and development programs, the results of other pre-clinical and clinical studies and the timing and costs of regulatory approvals. Pending the uses described above, we will invest the net proceeds in short-term and long-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING

Common Stock

For a description of our common stock, see “Description of Capital Stock” beginning on page 11 of the accompanying prospectus.

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Pacific Stock Transfer Company, 6725 Via Austi Pkwy, Suite 300, Las Vegas, NV 89119.

Description of Common Warrants

The material terms and provisions of the Common Warrants being issued in this offering are summarized below. The following description is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the warrant agency agreement between us and the Warrant Agent (the “Warrant Agency Agreement”) and the form of Common Warrant each of which will be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed by us with the SEC in connection with this offering. You should review the Warrant Agency Agreement and the form of Common Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the Common Warrant.

Exercise Price. The initial exercise price is $1.65 per share of common stock. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock.

Exercisability. The Common Warrants are exercisable at any time after the date of issuance, in whole or in part, and at any time up to the date that is five years from the date of issuance, at which time any unexercised Common Warrants will expire and cease to be exercisable. The Common Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise. If a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Common Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available, the holder may exercise the Common Warrant through a cashless exercise, in whole or in part, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Common Warrant. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Common Warrant and no Common Warrants exercisable for a fractional share will be issued in this offering. Accordingly, unless you purchase at least two shares of common stock, you will not be able to receive a Common Warrant. However, we expect that the underwriter of this offering will allocate purchases by investors in round lots comprised of an even number of shares, and that, accordingly, there will be no Common Warrants exercisable for fractional shares issued. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round up to the next whole share. A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of such holder’s Common Warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s Common Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Common Warrants.

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a Common Warrant in book entry form may be transferred at the option of the holder through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company and Common Warrants in physical form may be transferred upon surrender of the Common Warrant to the Warrant Agent together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Common Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, or our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the holders of the Common Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Common Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property

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that the holders would have received had they exercised the Common Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.

Exchange Listing. We do not plan to apply to list the Common Warrants on the Nasdaq Global Market, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

Rights as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Common Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holder of a Common Warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the Common Warrant.

Warrant Agent . The Common Warrants will be issued in book-entry form under the Warrant Agency Agreement with the Warrant Agent. The Common Warrants initially will be issued in book-entry form and will be represented by one or more global certificates deposited with The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC, or as otherwise directed by DTC.

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DILUTION

If you invest in our securities, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of common stock and Common Warrants offered in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2025 was $4,458,723, or $0.16 per share. Net tangible book value per share is equal to our total assets (excluding internal-use software, pre-payments and deferred costs), less our total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding as of March 31, 2025.

After giving effect to the sale of 4,501,640 shares of common stock and accompanying Common Warrants to purchase 2,250,820 shares of common stock at an effective offering price of $1.555 per share and accompanying Common Warrant, after deducting the underwriting discount and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2025 would have been approximately $10,718,770, or approximately $0.33 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.17 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $1.225 per share to new investors in this offering.

The following table illustrates this calculation on a per share basis:

Effective public offering price per share and accompanying Common Warrant(1)			$	1.555
Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2025	$	0.16
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the offering	$	0.17
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the offering			$	0.33
Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors			$	1.225

(1)

If the underwriter exercises in full its option to purchase additional securities in this offering, our net tangible book value after the offering would be approximately $11,695,277, or approximately $0.35 per share, the increase in the net tangible book value to existing stockholders would be $0.19 per share, and the dilution to new investors purchasing securities in this offering would be $1.205 per share.

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 28,746,041 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2025, and excludes the following, in each case as of such date:

•

5,680,487 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $2.84 per share;

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91,149 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of outstanding restricted stock units;

•

4,236,420 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options with a weighted-average exercise price of $3.81 per share;

•

1,468,775 shares reserved for future issuances under our equity compensation plans;

•

2,250,820 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants to be issued in this offering; and

•

315,115 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Underwriter Warrants to be issued in this offering.

To the extent that any options are exercised, new options are issued under our equity incentive plans or we otherwise issue additional shares of common stock in the future at a price less than the public offering price, there will be further dilution to new investors.

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UNDERWRITING

Newbridge Securities Corporation (“Newbridge” or the “underwriter”) is acting as sole underwriter of this offering. We entered into an underwriting agreement with Newbridge with respect to the securities subject to this offering. Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus supplement, the underwriter has agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to the underwriter, the number of shares of common stock and Common Warrants shown in the table below.

UNDERWRITER

NUMBER OF
SHARES

NUMBER OF
COMMON
WARRANTS

Newbridge Securities Corporation

4,501,640

2,250,820

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriter to purchase the shares of common stock and the accompanying Common Warrants included in this offering are subject to approval of legal matters by counsel and to other conditions. The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriter will purchase all of the shares of common stock and accompanying Common Warrants if any of them are purchased.

Shares of our common stock and the accompanying Common Warrants sold by the underwriter to the public will initially be offered at the public offering prices set forth on the cover of this prospectus supplement. In addition, the underwriter may offer some of the securities to other securities dealers at such price less a concession of $0.13062 per set of securities. After the initial offering of the securities, the public offering price or any other term of the offering may be changed by the underwriter.

Underwriting discounts and commissions

We are offering 4,501,640 shares of common stock and Common Warrants to purchase up to 2,250,820 shares of common stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement. The following table shows the effective public offering price per share of common stock and accompanying Common Warrant and total public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us.

	Effective Price Per Share and accompanying Common Warrant			Total Without Option			Total With Option
Public offering price(1)		$	1.555		$	7,000,050		$	8,050,058
Underwriting discounts and commissions(2)		$	0.10885		$	490,004		$	563,504
Proceeds, before expenses, to us		$	1.44615		$	6,510,047		$	7,486,554

(1)

Based on a price of $3.11 per set of two shares of common stock and one accompanying Common Warrant to purchase one share of common stock, including $0.01 per accompanying whole Common Warrant, which is allocated between the two shares of common stock.

(2)

The underwriting discount is 7.0% of the gross proceeds received from the sale of the securities in the offering.

Over-Allotment Option

In addition to the discount set forth in the above table, we have granted to the underwriter an option, exercisable not later than 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, to purchase up to a number of additional shares of common stock equal to 15% of the shares of common stock sold in this offering and/or a number of additional Common Warrants equal to 15% of the Common Warrants sold in this offering, in any combination thereof, firmly committed in this offering at a price of $1.55 per share or $0.01 per Common Warrant to purchase one share of common stock, in each case, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriter may exercise the option solely to cover over-allotments, if any, made in connection with this offering. If any additional shares of our common stock and/or Common Warrants are purchased pursuant to the over-allotment option, the underwriter will offer these additional shares of

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our common stock and/or Common Warrants on the same terms as those on which the other shares of common stock and Common Warrants are being offered hereby.

Underwriter’s Warrants

Upon the closing of this offering, we have agreed to issue to Newbridge, or its designees, warrants (the “Underwriter Warrants”) to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to an aggregate of 7% of the total number of shares sold in this offering. The Underwriter Warrants will be exercisable at a per share exercise price equal to 125% of the public offering price per share of common stock sold in this offering. The Underwriter Warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four-and-one-half year period commencing 180 days after the date of this prospectus supplement.

The Underwriter Warrants and the shares of common stock underlying the Underwriter Warrants have been deemed compensation by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(e)(1) of FINRA. Neither Newbridge or its permitted assignees under such rule, may sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate the Underwriter Warrants or the securities underlying the Underwriter Warrants, nor will Newbridge engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the Underwriter Warrants or the underlying shares for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus supplement.

Additionally, the Underwriter Warrants may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a 180-day period following the date of this prospectus supplement except to any underwriter and selected dealer participating in this offering and their bona fide officers or partners. The Underwriter Warrants will provide for adjustment in the number and price of the Underwriter Warrants and the shares of common stock underlying such Underwriter Warrants in the event of recapitalization, merger, stock split or other structural transaction, or a future financing undertaken by us.

Lock-Ups

Our officers and directors have agreed that, for a period of 90 days from the date of this prospectus, they will not, subject to certain exceptions, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose, directly or indirectly, any shares of our capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock without the prior written consent of Newbridge. Additionally, we have also agreed that, for a period of 90 days from the date of this prospectus, we will not, subject to certain exceptions, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose, directly or indirectly, any shares of our capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock without the prior written consent of Newbridge. Newbridge, in its sole discretion, may release any of the securities subject to these lock-up agreements at any time without notice.

Nasdaq Global Market Listing

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “GANX.” There is no established trading market for the Common Warrants, and we do not expect a trading market to develop. We do not intend to list the Common Warrants on The Nasdaq Global Market or on any national securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without a trading market, the liquidity of the Common Warrants will be extremely limited.

Expenses and Reimbursements

We estimate that our portion of the total expenses of this offering will be approximately $250,000.00, which includes the fees and expenses for which we have agreed to reimburse the underwriter, including the fees and disbursements of counsel for the underwriter, in connection with the offering in an amount not to exceed $75,000.00.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

Until the distribution of securities in this offering is complete, SEC rules may limit the ability of the underwriter to bid for and purchase shares of our common stock. As an exception to these rules, underwriters

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are permitted to engage in certain transactions which stabilize the price of the shares of common stock, which may include short sales, covering transactions and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve sales of shares of common stock in excess of the number of shares to be purchased by the underwriter in the offering, which creates a short position. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriter’s option to purchase additional securities from us in the offering. An underwriter may close out any covered short position by either exercising its option to purchase additional securities or purchasing securities in the open market.

In determining the source of shares of common stock to close out the covered short position, the underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares of common stock available for purchase in the open market as compared to the share price at which the underwriter may purchase through its option to purchase additional securities. “Naked” short sales are any sales in excess of such option. The underwriter must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares of common stock in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriter is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the shares of common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of the shares of common stock made by the underwriter in the open market prior to the completion of the offering.

The underwriter may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to another underwriter a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the representative has repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

Neither we nor the underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above might have on our shares of common stock. Any of these activities may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our shares of common stock. They may also cause the price of the shares of common stock to be higher than the price that would otherwise exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. If an underwriter commences any of these transactions, it may discontinue them at any time without notice.

We expect that delivery of the shares and Common Warrants will be made to investors on or about July 17, 2025 (such settlement being referred to as “T+1”).

Electronic Distribution

In connection with the offering, the underwriter or any securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail.

Other Relationships

The underwriter is a full-service financial institution engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. The underwriter and its affiliates may, from time to time, engage in transactions with and perform services for us in the ordinary course of its business for which it may receive customary fees and reimbursement of expenses. In the ordinary course of its various business activities, the underwriter and its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (which may include bank loans and/or credit default swaps) for its own account and for the accounts of its customers and may at any time hold long and short positions in such securities and instruments. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The underwriter and its affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments. The underwriter served as the sole book-running manager in connection with our public offering that was consummated in November of 2023 and received compensation in connection therewith.

Sales Outside the United States

No action has been taken in any jurisdiction (except in the United States) that would permit a public offering of our securities, or the possession, circulation or distribution of this prospectus supplement or any

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other material relating to us or our common stock in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. Accordingly, the securities offered hereby may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and neither this prospectus supplement nor any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the securities may be distributed or published, in or from any country or jurisdiction, except in compliance with any applicable rules and regulations of any such country or jurisdiction.

The underwriter may arrange to sell the securities offered hereby in certain jurisdictions outside the United States, either directly or through affiliates, where it is permitted to do so.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon by Lowenstein Sandler LLP, New York, New York. McGuireWoods LLP, New York, New York, is representing the underwriter.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Gain Therapeutics, Inc. appearing in Gain Therapeutics, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been audited by Ernst & Young AG, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3, including exhibits, under the Securities Act of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus forms a part. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are a part of the registration statement but do not contain descriptions of certain agreements or documents that are exhibits to the registration statement. The statements as to the contents of such exhibits, however, are brief descriptions and are not necessarily complete, and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to such agreement or document. For further information about us, please refer to the registration statement and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s website contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers, such as Gain Therapeutics, Inc., that file electronically with the SEC. We make available free of charge through our web site our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our website address is http://www.gaintherapeutics.com. Please note that our website address is provided as an inactive textual reference only. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not part of this prospectus or the prospectus supplement and is therefore not incorporated by reference unless such information is otherwise specifically referenced elsewhere in this prospectus or the prospectus supplement.

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INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus supplement, and the accompanying prospectus, the information we have filed with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. Any information that we file subsequently with the SEC will automatically update this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement, and the accompanying prospectus, the information contained in the documents listed below, which is considered to be a part of this prospectus:

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our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 27, 2025;

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our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 29, 2025;

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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 14, 2025;

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our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 7, 2025, January 15, 2025, April 10, 2025, June 24, 2025 and June 30, 2025 (other than any portions thereof deemed furnished and not filed); and

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The description of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, contained in our Form 8-A filed on March 17, 2021, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description, including the Description of Securities filed as Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 27, 2025.

We also incorporate by reference all documents we file under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) filed after the date of this prospectus supplement. The most recent information that we file with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes older information. The information contained in any such filing will be deemed to be a part of this prospectus, commencing on the date on which the document is filed.

Notwithstanding the statements in the preceding paragraphs, no document, report or exhibit (or portion of any of the foregoing) or any other information that we have “furnished” to the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act shall be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

We will furnish without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, a copy of any documents incorporated by reference other than exhibits to those documents. Requests should be addressed to:

Corporate Secretary
Gain Therapeutics, Inc.
4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 220,
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(301) 500-7500

Any statement contained in this prospectus supplement or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.

You should rely only on information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We are not making offers to sell the securities in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.

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PROSPECTUS

$100,000,000

Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants

From time to time, we may offer up to $100,000,000 of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. We may also offer securities as may be issuable upon conversion, redemption, repurchase, exchange or exercise of any securities registered hereunder, including any applicable antidilution provisions.

This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities, we will provide specific terms of the securities offered in a supplement to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference, before you invest in any of the securities being offered.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market, or Nasdaq, under the symbol “GANX.” On May 13, 2022, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $2.69 per share. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to any other listing on Nasdaq or any securities market or other exchange of the securities, if any, covered by the prospectus supplement. Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell securities registered on the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part in a public primary offering with a value exceeding more than one-third of our public float in any 12-month period so long as our public float remains below $75.0 million. As of the date hereof, we have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the 12 calendar months prior to and including the date of this prospectus.

We will sell these securities directly to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers, on a continuous or delayed basis. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts or over-allotment options will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus as described on page 7 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is June 1, 2022.

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	ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS					i
	SUMMARY					1
	RISK FACTORS					7
	SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS					8
	USE OF PROCEEDS					10
	DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK					11
	DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES					15
	DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS					22
	LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES					24
	PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION					27
	LEGAL MATTERS					29
	EXPERTS					29
	WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION					30
	INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE					31

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total aggregate offering price of $100,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.

Each time we sell securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,” before investing in any of the securities offered.

THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.

Neither we, nor any agent, underwriter or dealer has authorized any person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. This prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.

You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date.

This prospectus and the information incorporated herein by reference contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to “Gain”,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar references refer to Gain Therapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Our name “Gain Therapeutics” the Gain logo and other trademarks, trade names or service marks of Gain Therapeutics, Inc. appearing in this prospectus are the property of Gain Therapeutics, Inc. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this prospectus are referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert their rights thereto.

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SUMMARY

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the risks of investing in our securities discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should also carefully read the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Company Overview

We are a biotechnology company developing novel small molecule therapeutics to treat diseases across several therapeutics areas, including, lysosomal storage disorders, or LSDs, central nervous system disorders, or CNS, metabolic disorders, and oncology. We use our exclusively in-licensed computational target and drug discover platform, Site-Directed Enzyme Enhancement Therapy, or SEE-Tx®, to discover novel allosteric binding sites on proteins implicated in a disease and to identify proprietary small molecules that bind these sites to modulate protein function, and treat the underlying cause of the disease. These binding sites, distinct from the protein’s active site, are called allosteric sites. We believe that targeting an allosteric binding site instead of the active binding site of a protein provides numerous advantages: the ability to regulate proteins implicated in disease through several different mechanisms of action covering both functional and conformational effects, including stabilization, destabilization, targeted degradation, allosteric inhibition, and allosteric activation of the targeted protein; improved specificity of small molecules because binding to an allosteric binding site is non-competitive with the natural substrate that binds to the active binding site; and the ability to identify small molecules with more favorable drug-like properties. The SEE-Tx® platform has been used to identify novel allosteric sites and small molecules for all of our internal and partnered programs. Discovering and targeting novel allosteric sites with our platform not only collapses traditional drug discovery timelines but enables rational drug design and offers the potential for superior small molecule drugs that are highly specific and that can penetrate hard to reach tissues and cross the blood-brain barrier.

We have filed four patent applications for our novel small molecule drug candidates that are Structurally Targeted Allosteric Regulators, or STARs. In June 2021, the Company announced the publication of two PCT patents. The first was directed at compounds targeting misfolded beta-glucocerebrosidase, or GBA, addressing CNS diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Gaucher disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Lewy body dementia. The second was directed at compounds targeting galactosylceramidase, or GALC, addressing demyelinating disorders such as Krabbe disease and multiple sclerosis.

We have identified two different STARs as the lead compounds for our Parkinson’s disease program and our Gaucher disease program and are currently developing these product candidates through preclinical studies. In September 2021, the Company announced positive topline data of an in vitro study evaluating the two STARs for the treatment of Gaucher and Parkinson’s disease in neuronal cells derived induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, of a a patient with Gaucher disease that contained the disease-causing mutation of the GBA1 gene and from iPSCs of a healthy donor with a normal GBA1 gene, so called wild-type cells. The results of the study, conducted at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, demonstrate a significant increase in beta-glucocerebrosidase, or GCase, protein levels, improved trafficking of GCase to the lysosome, and a significant decrease of toxic substrates glucosylceramide and alpha-synuclein p129 levels in both the neuronal cells that contained the mutated GBA1 gene as well as the wild-type cells. Alpha synuclein is consididered to be the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. In addition, these data provides further evidence that these product candidates have the potential to treat Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease and slow or stop the progression of GBA Parkinson’s disease.

We expect to complete the preclinical development and submit the regulatory dossier to the Human Research Ethics Committee in Australia to initiate a first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trial in our Parkinson’s disease program, and to initiate the preclinical toxicology studies for our Gaucher program in the second half of 2022. In addition, we plan to continue to advance research programs and initiate additional programs

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targeting allosteric binding sites identified with the SEE-Tx® platform. Through academic partnerships, co-development and licensing arrangements, we intend to develop a broad pipeline of therapeutics, using our novel approach of identifying and targeting previously unknown allosteric sites.

Our Pipeline of STARs

We are leveraging our SEE-Tx technology platform and the technology underlying we in-licensed to develop a pipeline of novel drug candidates to address diseases caused by protein misfolding. We are initially focusing on several LSDs with high unmet medical need, with the ability to expand our pipeline as we continue to discover new targets. We have entered into a number of academic collaborations to advance the development of our programs, such as with the University of Minnesota and the University of Maryland; these collaborations are understandings to work together in the research of specific demyelinating diseases and neither we, nor the institutions we collaborate with, are under contractual obligations to continue the collaboration and all parties retain their respective intellectual property.

The following table sets forth the status of our product candidates:

[MISSING IMAGE: tb_ourpipelinestars-4c.jpg]

Risks Associated with Our Business

Our business is subject to numerous risks. You should read these risks before you invest in our securities. In particular, our risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

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We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We may never generate revenues or, if we are able to generate revenues, achieve profitability.

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We have a limited operating history and we expect a number of factors to cause our operating results to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which may make it difficult to predict our future performance.

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If preclinical studies or clinical trials for our product candidates cannot be initiated or completed or if they are unsuccessful or delayed, we will be unable to meet our future development and commercialization goals.

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The disorders we seek to treat have low prevalence and it may be difficult to identify patients with these disorders, which may lead to delays in enrollment for our trials or slower commercial revenue, if approved.

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Our product candidates are novel and still in development. If we are unable to successfully develop, receive regulatory approval for and commercialize our current or future product candidates, our business will be harmed.

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We have not tested any of our product candidates in clinical trials. Success in early preclinical studies or clinical trials may not be indicative of results obtained in later preclinical studies and clinical trials.

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The approach we are taking to discover and develop our product candidates is novel and may never lead to marketable products.

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Clinical trials required for our product candidates are expensive and time-consuming, may face enrollment challenges and their outcome is uncertain.

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Our business and operations may be adversely affected by the evolving and ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic.

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We are subject to extensive and costly government regulation.

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Even if we obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, our product candidates may not be accepted by the market.

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We rely on a license to use the technology underlying SEE-Tx technology platform that is material to our business and if the agreements underlying the licenses were to be terminated or if other rights that may be necessary for commercializing our intended products cannot be obtained, it would halt our ability to market our products and technology, as well as have an immediate material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

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We intend to rely on third parties to manufacture the compounds used in our studies, and we intend to rely on them for the manufacture of any approved products for commercial sale. If these third parties do not manufacture our product candidates in sufficient quantities and at an acceptable cost, clinical development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed, prevented or impaired.

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We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. If we fail to remediate our material weakness, we may not be able to report our financial results timely and accurately or to prevent fraud.

Corporate Information

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company

We are an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. Some of these exemptions include:

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we are required to report only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related selected financial data and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations disclosure;

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we are not required to engage an auditor to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

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we are permitted to take advantage of extended transition periods for complying with new or revised accounting standards which allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of some accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies;

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we are not required to submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay,” “say-on-frequency,” and “say-on-golden parachutes;” and

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we are not required to comply with certain disclosure requirements related to executive compensation, such as the requirement to disclose the correlation between executive compensation and performance and the requirement to present a comparison of our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to our median employee compensation.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) December 31, 2026, (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, (3) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. We have chosen to take advantage of some but not all of these available exemptions. We have elected to adopt the reduced requirements with respect to our financial statements and the related selected financial data and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure. We have also elected to take advantage of the extended transition periods for complying with certain new or revised accounting standards. As a result, the information that we provide to stockholders may be different than the information you may receive from other public companies in which you hold equity.

We are also a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates plus the proposed aggregate amount of gross proceeds to us as a result of this offering is less than $700 million and our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company after this offering if either (i) the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company, we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

The Securities We May Offer

We may offer shares of our common stock and preferred stock, various series of debt securities and warrants to purchase any of such securities, up to a total aggregate offering price of $100,000,000, from time to time in one or more offerings under this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the relevant offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:

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designation or classification;

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aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price;

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maturity;

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original issue discount;

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rates and times of payment of interest or dividends;

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redemption, conversion, exchange or sinking fund terms;

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ranking;

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restrictive covenants;

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voting or other rights;

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conversion or exchange prices or rates and any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange; and

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important U.S. federal income tax considerations.

The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

We may sell the securities directly to investors or through underwriters, dealers or agents. We, and our underwriters or agents, reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities through underwriters or agents, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement:

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the names of those underwriters or agents;

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applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them;

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details regarding over-allotment options, if any; and

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the estimated net proceeds to us.

THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.

Common Stock. We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders and does not have cumulative voting rights. Subject to preferences that may apply to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends that our board of directors may declare out of funds legally available for that purpose. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription or other rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate in the future. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of our common stock under the heading “Description of Capital Stock — Common Stock.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to any common stock being offered.

Preferred Stock. We may issue shares of our preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series. Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders (unless such stockholder action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or market on which our securities are then traded), to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the number, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof. These rights, preferences and privileges could include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and sinking fund terms, and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of common stock. Any convertible preferred stock we may issue will be convertible into our common stock or exchangeable for our other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at the holder’s option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.

If we sell any series of preferred stock under this prospectus, we will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of such series of preferred stock, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock that we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the preferred stock under the heading “Description of Capital Stock — Preferred Stock.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement

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(and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.

Debt Securities. From time to time, we may issue debt securities in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. The senior debt securities will rank equally with any other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner described in the instrument governing the debt, to all of our senior indebtedness. Convertible debt securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at the holder’s option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.

Any debt securities issued under this prospectus will be issued under one or more documents called indentures, which are contracts between us and a national banking association or other eligible party, as trustee. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the debt securities under the heading “Description of Debt Securities.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the complete indenture(s) and any supplemental indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. We have filed a form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered.

Warrants. We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, in one or more series, from time to time. We may issue warrants independently or in combination with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants under the heading “Description of Warrants.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants that we may offer as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants.

Any warrants issued under this prospectus may be evidenced by warrant certificates. Warrants may be issued under a warrant agreement that we enter into with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of warrants being offered.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as updated by our subsequent filings, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before deciding whether to purchase any of the securities being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities, and the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference contain forward-looking statements. These are based on our management’s current beliefs, expectations and assumptions about future events, conditions and results and on information currently available to us. Discussions containing these forward-looking statements may be found, among other places, in the sections titled “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” incorporated by reference from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as any amendments thereto, filed with the SEC.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expects,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative or plural of those terms, and similar expressions intended to identify statements about the future, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Any statements in this prospectus, or incorporated herein, about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and are forward-looking statements. Within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, these forward-looking statements include statements regarding:

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the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on our operations, access to capital, research and development and clinical trials and potential disruption in the operations and business of third-party manufacturers, contract research organizations other service providers, and collaborators with whom we conduct business;

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the initiation, timing, progress and results of our current and future preclinical studies and clinical trials and our research and development programs;

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our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

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the success of our efforts to expand our pipeline of product candidates and develop marketable products through the use of our Site-Directed Enzyme Enhancement Therapy, or SEE-Tx® platform;

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our expectations regarding collaborations and other agreements with third parties and their potential benefits;

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our ability to obtain regulatory approval of our current and future product candidates;

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our reliance upon intellectual property licensed from third parties, including the license to use the technology under our SEE-Tx® platform;

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our expectations regarding the potential market size and the rate and degree of market acceptance of such product candidates;

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our ability to fund our working capital requirements;

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developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;

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our ability to maintain and establish collaborations or obtain additional funding;

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our expectations regarding government and third-party payor coverage and reimbursement;

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our ability to compete in the markets we serve;

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the impact of government laws and regulations;

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developments or projections relating to our competitors or our industry;

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developments relating to our competitors and our industry; and

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the factors that may impact our financial results.

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You should refer to the “Risk Factors” section contained in this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus will prove to be accurate, and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all.

Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or developments occurring after the date of this prospectus, even if new information becomes available in the future.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby. Except as described in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses that we may authorize to be provided to you in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby, if any, to fund research and development, acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies that are complementary to our own, although we have no current plans, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus our intended use for the net proceeds received from the sale of any securities sold pursuant to the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. Pending the use of net proceeds, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing obligations, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following description of our capital stock and provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws are summaries. You should also refer to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the amended and restated bylaws, which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is part.

General

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, all of which shares of preferred stock are undesignated. Our board of directors may establish the rights and preferences of the preferred stock from time to time.

Common Stock

Voting Rights. Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally, including the election or removal of directors elected by our stockholders generally. The holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

Dividends and Liquidation Rights. Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor, subject to any statutory or contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and to any restrictions on the payment of dividends imposed by the terms of any outstanding preferred stock. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of shares of our common stock will be entitled to receive our remaining assets available for distribution on a pro rata basis.

Rights and Preferences. All shares of our common stock that will be outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable. The common stock will not be subject to further calls or assessments by us. Holders of shares of our common stock do not have preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There will be no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The rights powers, preferences and privileges of our common stock will be subject to those of the holders of any shares of our preferred stock or any other series or class of stock we may authorize and issue in the future.

Transfer Agent and Registrar. The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Philadelphia Stock Transfer, Inc., 2320 Haverford Rd., Suite 230, Ardmore, Pennsylvania 19003.

Preferred Stock

Our board of directors may, without further action by our stockholders, fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of up to an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and authorize their issuance. These rights, preferences and privileges could include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of our common stock. The issuance of our preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of our common stock and the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control or other corporate action.

Our board of directors will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of each series, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of the preferred stock of each series that we offer under this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplements in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of that series of preferred stock. This description will include:

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the title and stated value;

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the number of shares we are offering;

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the liquidation preference per share;

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the purchase price per share;

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the dividend rate per share, dividend period and payment dates and method of calculation for dividends;

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whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

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our right, if any, to defer payment of dividends and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

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the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;

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the provisions for a sinking fund, if any;

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the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;

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any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;

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whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock or other securities of ours, including depositary shares and warrants, and, if applicable, the conversion period, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and under what circumstances it may be adjusted;

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whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange period, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and under what circumstances it may be adjusted;

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voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;

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preemption rights, if any;

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restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

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whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares;

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a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

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the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;

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any limitations on issuances of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock being issued as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and

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any other specific terms, rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications or restrictions of the preferred stock.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

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before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

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upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder, those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

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on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 defines a “business combination” to include the following:

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any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

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any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

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any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

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the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.

In general, Section 203 defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the entity or person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws

Because our stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights, our stockholders holding a majority of the voting power of our shares of common stock outstanding will be able to elect all of our directors. The directors may be removed by the stockholders only for cause upon the vote of holders of 66-2/3% of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. Furthermore, the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of our board of directors, and vacancies and newly created directorships on our board of directors may, except as otherwise required by law or determined by our board, only be filled by a majority vote of the directors then serving on the board, even though less than a quorum. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that all stockholder actions must be effected at a duly called meeting of stockholders and not by a consent in writing. A special meeting of stockholders may be called at any time only by or at the direction of the board of directors or the chairman of the board of directors. Our bylaws also provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide timely advance notice in writing, and will specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice.

Our certificate of incorporation further provides that the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the votes which all our stockholders would be entitled to cast in any election of directors will be required to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation, including provisions relating to the size of the board, removal of directors, special meetings of stockholders, actions by written consent and cumulative voting. The affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of voting stock, voting as a single class, is required to amend or repeal our bylaws, although our bylaws may be amended by a simple majority vote of our whole board of directors.

The foregoing provisions will make it more difficult for our existing stockholders to replace our board of directors as well as for another party to obtain control of the Company by replacing our board of directors. Since our board of directors has the power to retain and discharge our officers, these provisions could also

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make it more difficult for existing stockholders or another party to effect a change in management. In addition, the authorization of undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our board of directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change the control of our company.

These provisions are also designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal and to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy rights. However, such provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares and may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control of the Company or our management. As a consequence, these provisions also may inhibit fluctuations in the market price of our stock that could result from actual or rumored takeover attempts.

Choice of Forum

Our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees or stockholders to us or our stockholders; (3) any action asserting a claim against us, any director or our officers and employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law confers exclusive jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery; or (4) any action asserting a claim against us, any director or our officers or employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided that the exclusive forum provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, or to any claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

Our certificate of incorporation further provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selections of an alternative forum, the federal district courts are the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, subject to a final adjudication in the State of Delaware of the enforceability of such exclusive forum provision. We note that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe the provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Philadelphia Stock Transfer, Inc., 2320 Haverford Rd., Suite 230, Ardmore, Pennsylvania 19003. The transfer agent for any series of preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus will be named and described in the prospectus supplement for that series.

Listing on The Nasdaq Global Market

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “GANX.”

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

We will issue the debt securities under the indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered.

The following summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the indenture is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities.

General

The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us.

We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as “discount securities,” which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with “original issue discount,” or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:

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the title of the series of debt securities;

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any limit upon the aggregate principal amount that may be issued;

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the maturity date or dates;

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the form of the debt securities of the series;

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the applicability of any guarantees;

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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

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whether the debt securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination;

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if the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such debt securities will be issued is a price other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such debt securities that is convertible into another security or the method by which any such portion shall be determined;

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the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;

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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

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if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;

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the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;

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the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

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any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the debt securities of that series and any security for our obligations with respect to such debt securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of debt securities of that series;

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whether the debt securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a global security or securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which such global security or securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities; and the depositary for such global security or securities;

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if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon which such debt securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at our option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange;

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if other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of debt securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof;

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additions to or changes in the covenants applicable to the particular debt securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation, merger or sale covenant;

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additions to or changes in the events of default with respect to the securities and any change in the right of the trustee or the holders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such securities to be due and payable;

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additions to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;

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additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of the indenture;

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additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of the indenture both with and without the consent of holders of debt securities issued under the indenture;

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the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars;

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whether interest will be payable in cash or additional debt securities at our or the holders’ option and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;

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the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we will pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the debt securities of the series to any holder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes;

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any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the debt securities of the series; and

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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, any other additions or changes in the provisions of the indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

Consolidation, Merger or Sale

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets (other than a subsidiary of ours) must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or the debt securities, as appropriate.

Events of Default under the Indenture

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:

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if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any series of debt securities, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;

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if we fail to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any series of debt securities as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to such series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any;

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if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the debt securities or the indenture, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such is a notice of default thereunder, from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and

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if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.

If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or

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events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

Subject to the terms of the indenture, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

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the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and

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subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.

A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:

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the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;

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the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request;

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such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred by the trustee in compliance with the request; and

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the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.

These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.

We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture.

Modification of Indenture; Waiver

We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters:

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to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt securities of any series;

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to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities — Consolidation, Merger or Sale”;

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to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities;

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to add to our covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the indenture;

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to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture;

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to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect;

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to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided above under “Description of Debt Securities — General” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;

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to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under any indenture by a successor trustee; or

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to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

In addition, under the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

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extending the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series;

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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any series of any debt securities; or

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reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

Discharge

Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:

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provide for payment;

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replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;

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pay principal of and premium and interest on any debt securities of the series;

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maintain paying agencies;

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hold monies for payment in trust;

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recover excess money held by the trustee;

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compensate and indemnify the trustee; and

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appoint any successor trustee.

In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to that series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any book-entry securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

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series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

Subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.

If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

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issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or

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register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

Information Concerning the Trustee

The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.

We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

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Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is applicable.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be distributed to you, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and may be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be offered independently or in combination with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following description of warrants will apply to the warrants offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of warrants may specify different or additional terms.

We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates listing the terms of the warrants that may be offered as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering, as well as any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants. The following summaries of material terms and provisions of the warrants are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the form of warrant or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectus, and the complete form of warrant or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and any supplemental agreements, that list the terms of the warrants.

General

In the applicable prospectus supplement, we will describe the terms of the series of warrants being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

•

the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;

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the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;

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the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;

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in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable on exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased on such exercise;

•

in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable on the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased on such exercise;

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the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants;

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the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;

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any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable on exercise of the warrants;

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the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;

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the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified;

•

a discussion of material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations of holding or exercising the warrants;

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•

the terms of the securities issuable on exercise of the warrants; and

•

any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable on such exercise, including:

•

in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments on our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any; or

•

in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable on exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture.

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrants may be exercised as listed in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, warrants may be exercised at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we list in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

On receipt of payment and the warrant or warrant certificate, as applicable, properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent, if any, or any other office, including ours, indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, issue and deliver the securities purchasable on such exercise. If less than all of the warrants (or the warrants represented by such warrant certificate) are exercised, a new warrant or a new warrant certificate, as applicable, will be issued for the remaining warrants.

Governing Law

Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the warrants and warrant agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

Each warrant agent, if any, will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand on us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable on exercise of, its warrants.

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LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee or depositary maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.

Book-Entry Holders

We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.

Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Global securities will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for global securities, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.

As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.

Street Name Holders

We may terminate a global security or issue securities that are not issued in global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.

For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.

Legal Holders

Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee or third party employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.

For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our

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obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture, or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.

Special Considerations for Indirect Holders

If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:

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how it handles securities payments and notices;

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whether it imposes fees or charges;

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how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;

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whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future;

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how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and

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if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.

Global Securities

A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.

Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.

A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “— Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.

If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued as a global security, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.

Special Considerations for Global Securities

As an indirect holder, an investor’s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.

If securities are issued only as global securities, an investor should be aware of the following:

•

an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below;

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•

an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above;

•

an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;

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an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in the global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective;

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the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in the global security;

•

we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in the global security, nor will we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way;

•

the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in the global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and

•

financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in the global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities.

There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.

Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated

In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own names, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.

Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:

•

if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;

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if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or

•

if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.

The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and neither we nor any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. We may distribute securities from time to time in one or more transactions:

•

at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

•

at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

•

at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

•

at negotiated prices.

We may also sell equity securities covered by this registration statement in an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Such offering may be made into an existing trading market for such securities in transactions at other than a fixed price, either:

•

on or through the facilities of Nasdaq or any other securities exchange or quotation or trading service on which such securities may be listed, quoted or traded at the time of sale; and/or

•

other than on Nasdaq or such other securities exchanges or quotation or trading services.

Such at the market offerings, if any, may be conducted by underwriters acting as principal or agent.

A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:

•

the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, if any;

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the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;

•

any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

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any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;

•

any public offering price;

•

any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

•

any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.

If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.

We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities, and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to

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delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.

We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related to this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

All securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.

Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time. These transactions may be effected on any exchange or over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on Nasdaq may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on Nasdaq in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Cooley LLP, Reston, Virginia, will pass upon the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus, and any supplement thereto, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Gain Therapeutics, Inc. appearing in Gain Therapeutics, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 have been audited by Ernst & Young AG, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the SEC under the Securities Act and does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document. Because we are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We maintain a website at http://www.gaintherapeutics.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.

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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The SEC file number for the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus is 001-38085. The documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus contain important information that you should read about us.

The following documents are incorporated by reference into this document:

•

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 25, 2022, as amended by Amendment No. 1 on May 2, 2022;

•

our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on May 16, 2022; and

•

the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on March 17, 2021, including any amendments or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description.

We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus all documents (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) that are filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i) after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, or (ii) after the date of this prospectus but prior to the termination of the offering. These documents include periodic reports, such as Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.

You can request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number:

Gain Therapeutics, Inc.
Attn: Corporate Secretary
4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 220,
Bethesda, MD 20814
(301) 500-1556

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4,501,640 Shares of Common Stock
Common Warrants to purchase up to 2,250,820 Shares of Common Stock
2,250,820 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Common Warrants

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

Sole Book-Running Manager

Newbridge Securities Corporation

July 16, 2025

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Date	Price Target	Rating	Analyst
3/7/2025	$12.00	Sector Outperform	Scotiabank
12/6/2024	$7.00	Buy	ROTH MKM
8/14/2024	$8.00	Outperform	Oppenheimer
11/3/2021	$21.00	Buy	B. Riley Securities

SEC Form 424B5 filed by Gain Therapeutics Inc.

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Insider purchases reveal critical bullish sentiment about the company from key stakeholders. See them live in this feed.

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